WebMO Job Summary

385417: ON2 nitrous oxide NBO7/NRT, Natural Bond Orbitals - Gaussian

Calculated Quantities

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Overview

Quantity Value
Route #N B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) SP GFINPUT POP=(FULL,NBO7Read)
Method B3LYP
Stoichiometry N2O
Symmetry C*V
Basis 6-311+G(2d,p)
RB3LYP Energy -184.724303615 Hartree
Dipole Moment 0.1013 Debye
Server class (387000)
CPU time 45.1 sec

Rotational Constants

Constant Frequency (GHz) Frequency (cm-1)
a 0.0000000 0.00000000000
b 12.6537670 0.42208423402
c 12.6537670 0.42208423402

Partial Charges

Atom Symbol Charge
1 N 0.328571  
2 N -0.107504  
3 O -0.221067  

Molecular Orbitals

Orbital Symmetry Occupancy Spin Energy () Actions
1 - 2 - -19.23292
2 - 2 - -14.55082
3 - 2 - -14.41989
4 - 2 - -1.2568
5 - 2 - -1.1035
6 - 2 - -0.61516
7 - 2 - -0.57474
8 - 2 - -0.57474
9 - 2 - -0.48889
10 - 2 - -0.3551
11 - 2 - -0.3551
12 - 0 - -0.02986
13 - 0 - -0.02986
14 - 0 - 0.00172
15 - 0 - 0.07981
16 - 0 - 0.09136
17 - 0 - 0.09136
18 - 0 - 0.1354
19 - 0 - 0.15481
20 - 0 - 0.15481
21 - 0 - 0.16594
22 - 0 - 0.22744
23 - 0 - 0.25636
24 - 0 - 0.25636
25 - 0 - 0.31637
26 - 0 - 0.35042
27 - 0 - 0.58287
28 - 0 - 0.68263
29 - 0 - 0.68263
30 - 0 - 0.7617
31 - 0 - 0.7617
32 - 0 - 0.78185
33 - 0 - 0.78185
34 - 0 - 0.78991
35 - 0 - 0.85703
36 - 0 - 1.01291
37 - 0 - 1.0364
38 - 0 - 1.0364
39 - 0 - 1.06193
40 - 0 - 1.08459
41 - 0 - 1.08459
42 - 0 - 1.1274
43 - 0 - 1.1274
44 - 0 - 1.18935
45 - 0 - 1.58138
46 - 0 - 1.58138
47 - 0 - 1.63906
48 - 0 - 1.68547
49 - 0 - 1.68547
50 - 0 - 1.94736
51 - 0 - 2.31505
52 - 0 - 2.31505
53 - 0 - 2.55237
54 - 0 - 2.68874
55 - 0 - 3.65355
56 - 0 - 3.65355
57 - 0 - 3.95903
58 - 0 - 3.95903
59 - 0 - 4.33137
60 - 0 - 4.42743
61 - 0 - 4.53668
62 - 0 - 4.53668
63 - 0 - 4.53744
64 - 0 - 4.53744
65 - 0 - 4.68432
66 - 0 - 4.72266
67 - 0 - 4.72266
68 - 0 - 5.01277
69 - 0 - 5.01277
70 - 0 - 5.1699
71 - 0 - 5.1699
72 - 0 - 5.90939
73 - 0 - 6.10163
74 - 0 - 6.65658
75 - 0 - 6.65658
76 - 0 - 6.92701
77 - 0 - 6.92701
78 - 0 - 7.22043
79 - 0 - 35.22797
80 - 0 - 36.04137
81 - 0 - 49.9703
Electron density
Electrostatic potential
Electrophilic (HOMO) frontier density
Nucleophilic (LUMO) frontier density
Radical frontier density

Natural Population Analysis

Atom Symbol Charge
1 N 0.41783  
2 N -0.08059  
3 O -0.33724  

Natural Atomic Orbitals

Orbital Description Occupancy Spin Energy () Actions
1 N1 Cor(1s) 1.999990986 - -14.550720944
2 N1 Val(2s) 1.024297374 - -0.400067695
3 N1 Ryd(3s) 0.000102689 - 4.579046608
4 N1 Ryd(5s) 0.000060429 - 20.023003013
5 N1 Ryd(4s) 0.000015895 - 11.299083489
6 N1 Val(2p) 1.209843397 - -0.334752345
7 N1 Ryd(3p) 0.000592350 - 0.682424248
8 N1 Ryd(5p) 0.000026694 - 2.742559291
9 N1 Ryd(4p) 0.000019629 - 1.292421873
10 N1 Val(2p) 1.209843397 - -0.334752345
11 N1 Ryd(3p) 0.000592350 - 0.682424248
12 N1 Ryd(5p) 0.000026694 - 2.742559287
13 N1 Ryd(4p) 0.000019629 - 1.292421873
14 N1 Val(2p) 1.103883928 - -0.200600962
15 N1 Ryd(3p) 0.019594785 - 1.065654876
16 N1 Ryd(5p) 0.000171562 - 7.252422100
17 N1 Ryd(4p) 0.000049072 - 6.980643766
18 N1 Ryd(3d) 0.000000000 - 1.387589610
19 N1 Ryd(4d) 0.000000000 - 4.218790584
20 N1 Ryd(3d) 0.005533442 - 2.462706593
21 N1 Ryd(4d) 0.000015374 - 4.258809702
22 N1 Ryd(3d) 0.005533442 - 2.462706593
23 N1 Ryd(4d) 0.000015374 - 4.258809702
24 N1 Ryd(3d) 0.000000000 - 1.387589597
25 N1 Ryd(4d) 0.000000000 - 4.218790560
26 N1 Ryd(3d) 0.001751220 - 3.300904553
27 N1 Ryd(4d) 0.000188964 - 4.867379465
28 N2 Cor(1s) 1.999988740 - -14.419063133
29 N2 Val(2s) 1.634999588 - -0.477774297
30 N2 Ryd(3s) 0.005309474 - 1.744145529
31 N2 Ryd(4s) 0.000198557 - 3.711081227
32 N2 Ryd(5s) 0.000000567 - 22.543674559
33 N2 Val(2p) 1.101634670 - -0.232094036
34 N2 Ryd(3p) 0.002035212 - 0.646404994
35 N2 Ryd(5p) 0.000005560 - 2.403352244
36 N2 Ryd(4p) 0.000006556 - 1.746473644
37 N2 Val(2p) 1.101634670 - -0.232094036
38 N2 Ryd(3p) 0.002035212 - 0.646404994
39 N2 Ryd(5p) 0.000005560 - 2.403352245
40 N2 Ryd(4p) 0.000006556 - 1.746473644
41 N2 Val(2p) 1.214138367 - -0.137151908
42 N2 Ryd(3p) 0.001957267 - 0.708812910
43 N2 Ryd(5p) 0.000267616 - 3.178268674
44 N2 Ryd(4p) 0.000023521 - 1.855521421
45 N2 Ryd(3d) 0.000000000 - 1.394388101
46 N2 Ryd(4d) 0.000000000 - 4.291023629
47 N2 Ryd(3d) 0.005476806 - 1.813238542
48 N2 Ryd(4d) 0.000029666 - 4.364730616
49 N2 Ryd(3d) 0.005476806 - 1.813238542
50 N2 Ryd(4d) 0.000029666 - 4.364730616
51 N2 Ryd(3d) 0.000000000 - 1.394388108
52 N2 Ryd(4d) 0.000000000 - 4.291023654
53 N2 Ryd(3d) 0.005272442 - 2.872009405
54 N2 Ryd(4d) 0.000057915 - 5.054056467
55 O3 Cor(1s) 1.999992677 - -19.231886925
56 O3 Val(2s) 1.744365707 - -0.764514382
57 O3 Ryd(3s) 0.001450053 - 1.798846995
58 O3 Ryd(4s) 0.000115581 - 3.376157938
59 O3 Ryd(5s) 0.000002615 - 45.371873245
60 O3 Val(2p) 1.666663106 - -0.347603217
61 O3 Ryd(3p) 0.003027502 - 0.610407357
62 O3 Ryd(4p) 0.000018451 - 0.846946681
63 O3 Ryd(5p) 0.000004904 - 4.773411418
64 O3 Val(2p) 1.666663106 - -0.347603217
65 O3 Ryd(3p) 0.003027502 - 0.610407357
66 O3 Ryd(4p) 0.000018451 - 0.846946681
67 O3 Ryd(5p) 0.000004904 - 4.773411419
68 O3 Val(2p) 1.234581795 - -0.290607637
69 O3 Ryd(3p) 0.001398307 - 0.623570694
70 O3 Ryd(4p) 0.000689982 - 0.868458068
71 O3 Ryd(5p) 0.000024643 - 5.817525426
72 O3 Ryd(3d) 0.000000000 - 1.555938654
73 O3 Ryd(4d) 0.000000000 - 6.539431451
74 O3 Ryd(3d) 0.005016791 - 1.851760978
75 O3 Ryd(4d) 0.000049892 - 6.806567651
76 O3 Ryd(3d) 0.005016791 - 1.851760978
77 O3 Ryd(4d) 0.000049892 - 6.806567651
78 O3 Ryd(3d) 0.000000000 - 1.555938664
79 O3 Ryd(4d) 0.000000000 - 6.539431401
80 O3 Ryd(3d) 0.005015345 - 2.404664864
81 O3 Ryd(4d) 0.000042338 - 7.020445596

Natural Hybrid Orbitals

Orbital Description Occupancy Spin Energy () Actions
1 CR(1)N1 s(100.00%) 1.999990986 - -14.550720944
2 CR(1)N2 s(100.00%) 1.999988740 - -14.419063133
3 CR(1)O3 s(100.00%) 1.999992677 - -19.231886925
4 LP(1)N2 s(69.14%)p0.45(30.80%)d0.00(0.06%) 1.970164949 - -0.527514412
5 LP(1)O3 s(75.98%)p0.32(24.00%)d0.00(0.03%) 1.978243471 - -0.723555509
6 LP(2)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.70%)d0.00(0.30%) 1.671768116 - -0.349076572
7 LP(3)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.70%)d0.00(0.30%) 1.671768116 - -0.349076572
8 BD(1)N1(N2) 1s(54.28%)p0.84(45.61%)d0.00(0.11%) 1.121677367 - -0.265141451
9 BD(1)N2(N1) 2s(31.19%)p2.19(68.36%)d0.01(0.45%) 0.891359734 - -0.040619117
10 BD(2)N1(N2) 1s(0.00%)p1.00(99.84%)d0.00(0.16%) 1.209984074 - -0.332749566
11 BD(2)N2(N1) 2s(0.00%)p1.00(99.51%)d0.00(0.49%) 1.106790821 - -0.228405769
12 BD(3)N1(N2) 1s(0.00%)p1.00(99.84%)d0.00(0.16%) 1.209984074 - -0.332749566
13 BD(3)N2(N1) 2s(0.00%)p1.00(99.51%)d0.00(0.49%) 1.106790821 - -0.228405769
14 BD(1)N1(O3) 1s(45.54%)p1.19(54.40%)d0.00(0.06%) 1.010924379 - -0.318879841
15 BD(1)O3(N1) 3s(24.08%)p3.14(75.49%)d0.02(0.44%) 1.008000463 - -0.314832896
16 RY(1)N1 s(0.58%)p99.99(99.17%)d0.42(0.25%) 0.017164746 - 1.135023019
17 RY(2)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(0.54%)d99.99(99.46%) 0.006046811 - 2.350568762
18 RY(3)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(0.54%)d99.99(99.46%) 0.006046811 - 2.350568763
19 RY(4)N1 s(6.54%)p0.71(4.62%)d13.58(88.84%) 0.000344523 - 6.603034429
20 RY(5)N1 s(11.05%)p6.74(74.40%)d1.32(14.56%) 0.000002842 - 6.825185973
21 RY(6)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.99%)d0.00(0.01%) 0.000000000 - 2.742568181
22 RY(7)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.64%)d0.00(0.36%) 0.000000000 - 1.297313511
23 RY(8)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.99%)d0.00(0.01%) 0.000000000 - 0.684665928
24 RY(9)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.99%)d0.00(0.01%) 0.000000000 - 2.742568177
25 RY(10)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.64%)d0.00(0.36%) 0.000000000 - 1.297313510
26 RY(11)N1 s(96.43%)p0.03(2.87%)d0.01(0.69%) 0.000000000 - 5.555300715
27 RY(12)N1 s(36.75%)p1.44(52.74%)d0.29(10.51%) 0.000000542 - 13.845484612
28 RY(13)N1 s(22.68%)p1.55(35.12%)d1.86(42.19%) 0.000001519 - 4.728034875
29 RY(14)N1 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.387589610
30 RY(15)N1 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.218790584
31 RY(16)N1 s(44.70%)p0.28(12.58%)d0.96(42.72%) 0.000000000 - 13.484272815
32 RY(17)N1 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.361802546
33 RY(18)N1 s(81.44%)p0.23(18.49%)d0.00(0.07%) 0.000000000 - 7.175154067
34 RY(19)N1 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.361802546
35 RY(20)N1 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.387589597
36 RY(21)N1 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.218790560
37 RY(22)N1 s(0.00%)p1.00(99.99%)d0.00(0.01%) 0.000000000 - 0.684665928
38 RY(1)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(98.89%)d0.01(1.11%) 0.002397648 - 0.659360427
39 RY(2)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(98.89%)d0.01(1.11%) 0.002397648 - 0.659360428
40 RY(3)N2 s(58.54%)p0.67(38.96%)d0.04(2.51%) 0.000642212 - 2.911478249
41 RY(4)N2 s(23.22%)p2.81(65.33%)d0.49(11.45%) 0.000052492 - 1.465287842
42 RY(5)N2 s(7.18%)p6.59(47.35%)d6.33(45.47%) 0.000003965 - 2.748827372
43 RY(6)N2 s(42.03%)p1.18(49.43%)d0.20(8.54%) 0.000001496 - 3.097736560
44 RY(7)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 2.414765341
45 RY(8)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.748311640
46 RY(9)N2 s(91.30%)p0.06(5.03%)d0.04(3.67%) 0.000000000 - 21.393758524
47 RY(10)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 2.414765341
48 RY(11)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.748311640
49 RY(12)N2 s(0.56%)p43.28(24.41%)d99.99(75.03%) 0.000000000 - 4.093785682
50 RY(13)N2 s(68.35%)p0.27(18.61%)d0.19(13.04%) 0.000000465 - 2.180260026
51 RY(14)N2 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.394388101
52 RY(15)N2 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.291023629
53 RY(16)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(0.49%)d99.99(99.51%) 0.000000000 - 1.811148919
54 RY(17)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(1.11%)d88.83(98.89%) 0.000000000 - 4.336925448
55 RY(18)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(0.49%)d99.99(99.51%) 0.000000000 - 1.811148919
56 RY(19)N2 s(0.00%)p1.00(1.11%)d88.83(98.89%) 0.000000000 - 4.336925447
57 RY(20)N2 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.394388108
58 RY(21)N2 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.291023654
59 RY(22)N2 s(8.49%)p6.09(51.73%)d4.69(39.78%) 0.000000000 - 3.729643262
60 RY(1)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(98.06%)d0.02(1.94%) 0.003012530 - 0.750597413
61 RY(2)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(98.06%)d0.02(1.94%) 0.003012530 - 0.750597413
62 RY(3)O3 s(12.84%)p6.41(82.30%)d0.38(4.86%) 0.001223067 - 0.876044663
63 RY(4)O3 s(58.79%)p0.62(36.51%)d0.08(4.70%) 0.000213704 - 2.541966594
64 RY(5)O3 s(20.46%)p3.46(70.84%)d0.43(8.70%) 0.000003458 - 4.757863940
65 RY(6)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 0.787562737
66 RY(7)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.773619132
67 RY(8)O3 s(97.07%)p0.01(1.30%)d0.02(1.63%) 0.000000000 - 37.442084871
68 RY(9)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 0.787562737
69 RY(10)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(100.00%)d0.00(0.00%) 0.000000000 - 4.773619132
70 RY(11)O3 s(17.88%)p2.96(52.92%)d1.63(29.20%) 0.000000000 - 5.360311323
71 RY(12)O3 s(58.12%)p0.24(13.76%)d0.48(28.13%) 0.000000812 - 7.375618191
72 RY(13)O3 s(25.15%)p1.44(36.23%)d1.54(38.61%) 0.000001390 - 2.790971173
73 RY(14)O3 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.555938654
74 RY(15)O3 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 6.539431451
75 RY(16)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(0.88%)d99.99(99.12%) 0.000000000 - 1.865113362
76 RY(17)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(1.36%)d72.42(98.64%) 0.000000000 - 6.713674796
77 RY(18)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(0.88%)d99.99(99.12%) 0.000000000 - 1.865113362
78 RY(19)O3 s(0.00%)p1.00(1.36%)d72.42(98.64%) 0.000000000 - 6.713674797
79 RY(20)O3 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 1.555938664
80 RY(21)O3 s(0.00%)p0.00(0.00%)d1.00(100.00%) 0.000000000 - 6.539431401
81 RY(22)O3 s(9.65%)p0.69(6.65%)d8.67(83.70%) 0.000000000 - 6.119948456

Natural Bond Orbitals

Orbital Description NHOs Occupancy Spin Energy () Actions
1 CR(1)N1 839 1.999990986 - -14.550720944
2 CR(1)N2 840 1.999988740 - -14.419063133
3 CR(1)O3 841 1.999992677 - -19.231886925
4 LP(1)N2 842 1.970164949 - -0.527514412
5 LP(1)O3 843 1.978243471 - -0.723555509
6 LP(2)O3 844 1.671768116 - -0.349076572
7 LP(3)O3 845 1.671768116 - -0.349076572
8 BD(1)N1-N2 846, 847 1.997893677 - -1.089567609
9 BD(2)N1-N2 848, 849 1.996987470 - -0.508279087
10 BD(3)N1-N2 850, 851 1.996987470 - -0.508279087
11 BD(1)N1-O3 852, 853 1.998388805 - -1.084818163
12 BD*(1)N1-N2 0.015143424 - 0.783807041
13 BD*(2)N1-N2 0.319787425 - -0.052876248
14 BD*(3)N1-N2 0.319787425 - -0.052876248
15 BD*(1)N1-O3 0.020536037 - 0.451105425
16 RY(1)N1 854 0.017164746 - 1.135023019
17 RY(2)N1 855 0.006046811 - 2.350568762
18 RY(3)N1 856 0.006046811 - 2.350568763
19 RY(4)N1 857 0.000344523 - 6.603034429
20 RY(5)N1 858 0.000002842 - 6.825185973
21 RY(6)N1 859 0.000000000 - 2.742568181
22 RY(7)N1 860 0.000000000 - 1.297313511
23 RY(8)N1 861 0.000000000 - 0.684665928
24 RY(9)N1 862 0.000000000 - 2.742568177
25 RY(10)N1 863 0.000000000 - 1.297313510
26 RY(11)N1 864 0.000000000 - 5.555300715
27 RY(12)N1 865 0.000000542 - 13.845484612
28 RY(13)N1 866 0.000001519 - 4.728034875
29 RY(14)N1 867 0.000000000 - 1.387589610
30 RY(15)N1 868 0.000000000 - 4.218790584
31 RY(16)N1 869 0.000000000 - 13.484272815
32 RY(17)N1 870 0.000000000 - 4.361802546
33 RY(18)N1 871 0.000000000 - 7.175154067
34 RY(19)N1 872 0.000000000 - 4.361802546
35 RY(20)N1 873 0.000000000 - 1.387589597
36 RY(21)N1 874 0.000000000 - 4.218790560
37 RY(22)N1 875 0.000000000 - 0.684665928
38 RY(1)N2 876 0.002397648 - 0.659360427
39 RY(2)N2 877 0.002397648 - 0.659360428
40 RY(3)N2 878 0.000642212 - 2.911478249
41 RY(4)N2 879 0.000052492 - 1.465287842
42 RY(5)N2 880 0.000003965 - 2.748827372
43 RY(6)N2 881 0.000001496 - 3.097736560
44 RY(7)N2 882 0.000000000 - 2.414765341
45 RY(8)N2 883 0.000000000 - 1.748311640
46 RY(9)N2 884 0.000000000 - 21.393758524
47 RY(10)N2 885 0.000000000 - 2.414765341
48 RY(11)N2 886 0.000000000 - 1.748311640
49 RY(12)N2 887 0.000000000 - 4.093785682
50 RY(13)N2 888 0.000000465 - 2.180260026
51 RY(14)N2 889 0.000000000 - 1.394388101
52 RY(15)N2 890 0.000000000 - 4.291023629
53 RY(16)N2 891 0.000000000 - 1.811148919
54 RY(17)N2 892 0.000000000 - 4.336925448
55 RY(18)N2 893 0.000000000 - 1.811148919
56 RY(19)N2 894 0.000000000 - 4.336925447
57 RY(20)N2 895 0.000000000 - 1.394388108
58 RY(21)N2 896 0.000000000 - 4.291023654
59 RY(22)N2 897 0.000000000 - 3.729643262
60 RY(1)O3 898 0.003012530 - 0.750597413
61 RY(2)O3 899 0.003012530 - 0.750597413
62 RY(3)O3 900 0.001223067 - 0.876044663
63 RY(4)O3 901 0.000213704 - 2.541966594
64 RY(5)O3 902 0.000003458 - 4.757863940
65 RY(6)O3 903 0.000000000 - 0.787562737
66 RY(7)O3 904 0.000000000 - 4.773619132
67 RY(8)O3 905 0.000000000 - 37.442084871
68 RY(9)O3 906 0.000000000 - 0.787562737
69 RY(10)O3 907 0.000000000 - 4.773619132
70 RY(11)O3 908 0.000000000 - 5.360311323
71 RY(12)O3 909 0.000000812 - 7.375618191
72 RY(13)O3 910 0.000001390 - 2.790971173
73 RY(14)O3 911 0.000000000 - 1.555938654
74 RY(15)O3 912 0.000000000 - 6.539431451
75 RY(16)O3 913 0.000000000 - 1.865113362
76 RY(17)O3 914 0.000000000 - 6.713674796
77 RY(18)O3 915 0.000000000 - 1.865113362
78 RY(19)O3 916 0.000000000 - 6.713674797
79 RY(20)O3 917 0.000000000 - 1.555938664
80 RY(21)O3 918 0.000000000 - 6.539431401
81 RY(22)O3 919 0.000000000 - 6.119948456

Quote

MUD THROWN IS GROUND LOST -- FROM A TEA BAG