Ionic and Covalent Bonding
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Ionic and covalent bonding are modern concepts that were unknown during the period of this simulation. We now distinguish between two different types of bonds holding compounds together.

Ionic bonding: due to electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent bonding: due to the sharing of electrons between nuclei.

Ionic compounds are formed by elements on opposite sides of the periodic table -- between a metal and a nonmetal. They also can involve polyatomic ions such as sulfate, SO4-2.

Covalent compounds are formed by elements which are close to each other on the periodic table -- two nonmetals.

Examples
Ionic Compounds
NaCl
K2SO4
Fe2O3
Covalent Compounds
CO2
PCl3
C2H6