N
Nernst equation
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The relationship between the standard cell potential and the cell potential under conditions of other concentrations and temperatures.
net ionic equation
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The equation for a reaction in which strong electrolytes are written as their separate component ions and in which ions that are unchanged are omitted.
network covalent solid
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A substance in which covalent bonds join atoms in a structure that extends indefinitely.
neutralization reaction
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The reaction of an acid with a base to form water and a salt.
neutron
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The uncharged particle in an atomic nucleus; its mass is similar to the mass of a hydrogen atom.
noble gas
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One of the elements in the same column of the periodic table as helium; also called inert gas.
nomenclature
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A system of names for identifying elements, ions, and compounds.
non-stoichiometric
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Describing a compound for which the chemical formula varies over a limited range.
nonbonding molecular orbital
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An orbital formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals having symmetry leading to no net overlap; comparable in energy to the atomic orbitals from which it is formed.
nonbonding pair
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In a covalently bonded molecule or ion, a pair of electrons not involved in the formation of bonds.
nonmetal
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An element that is not a metal; such elements include hydrogen and those in the upper right of the periodic table.
nonpolar
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Describing a molecule having no separation of centers of positive and negative electrical charge that would make the molecule assume certain orientations more than others in an electric field.
normal boiling point
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The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid reaches a pressure of one atmosphere.
normality
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The molarity of a solution multiplied by the number of moles of that substance that occur in a chemical equation.
nuclear binding energy
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The energy released as particles are brought together to form a nucleus.
nuclear reactor
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A device for obtaining energy from a sustained fission (or, perhaps in the future, fusion) reaction.
nucleic acid
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A biological polymer composed of nucleotides; DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
nucleophile
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A species that in its reactions seeks positive charge; bases are typically nucleophiles.
nucleotide
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One of the organic base-sugar-phosphate combinations that is a monomer for DNA or RNA.
nucleus
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The massive collection of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom.
nuclide
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An atom having a set number of protons and neutrons.
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