![]() Ionization energy |
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or a positive ion in its ground state. The first ionization energy refers to an atom, the second to an ion with one positive charge,etc. Values are reported in kilojoules per mole of atoms or ions. Though fourth and higher ionization energies are available in the references listed below, we have chosen to include only the first, second, and third ionization energies. Ionization Energies of the elements were obtained from the 81th edition of the CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, D. R. Lide, Ed., CRC Press, Inc., 2000. Data from the CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS was collected online at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=34 (accessed July, 2002) |