F
f block
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The lanthanides and actinides, elements in which the f atomic orbitals are being filled.
face-centered cubic
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A lattice structure having atoms in the center of each face and at each corner of a cube, abbreviated fcc.
Fahrenheit
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The temperature scale defined by the values 32 °F for the freezing point of water and 212 °F for the boiling point of water.
family
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Those elements that comprise a single column of the periodic table.
Faraday
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The charge associated with a mole of electrons, 96,485 C/mol.
Faraday constant
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The electric charge carried by one mole of electrons, 9.648 670 x 104 C mol-1; abbreviated F.
Faraday's law
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The proportionality between the number of moles of a substance produced or consumed in an electrochemical cell and the amount of electricity that passes through the electrical circuit of the cell.
fat
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A molecule that is an ester of glycerol and three fatty acids.
fatty acid
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A long-chain carboxylic acid that is a component of the triglycerides which constitute fat.
fcc
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Abbreviation for face-centered cubic; a lattice structure having atoms in the center of each face and at each corner of a cube.
ferromagnetic
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Able to acquire a permanent magnetization.
filtration
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The process of separating a solid from a liquid by permitting the liquid to pass through a filter.
first law of thermodynamics
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A formal statement of the conservation of energy as applied to chemical systems; the change in internal energy is equal to the sum of the heat added to a system plus the work done to the system.
first-order reaction
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A reaction for which the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant.
fission
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A nuclear reaction in which large nuclei break apart to form smaller ones.
formal charge
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A quantity useful for predicting reactivity patterns of molecules. Its value is found by dividing bonding electrons equally between bonded atoms and calculating the resulting charge on each atom.
formation constant
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An equilibrium constant for a reaction in which a product of interest is formed; often applied to the formation of a complex ion from the central metal ion and ligands.
formula weight
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The mass of one mole of a formula unit of a substance; molar mass.
free energy
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A thermodynamic function corresponding to the tendency for spontaneous change in a system; represented by the symbol G.
freezing
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The process of forming a solid from a liquid.
freezing point
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The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid; also called melting point.
freezing point depression
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The decrease in the freezing point of a liquid as a result of the presence of a solute.
frequency
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The rate at which a periodic event occurs; specifically, the rate at which the waves of electromagnetic radiation pass a point.
fuel cell
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An electrochemical cell in which the reactants are supplied on a continuing basis.
functional group
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A set of atoms in a molecule that confer on the molecule a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties.
fusion
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A nuclear reaction in which small nuclei are united to form larger ones.
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